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Stewart County is a county located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,058.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13259.html )〕 The county seat is Lumpkin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The county was created on December 23, 1830. ==History== The area was inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years in the Pre-Columbian period. Roods Landing Site on the Chattahoochee River is a significant archaeological site located south of Omaha. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it includes major earthwork mounds built about 1100-1350 CE by peoples of the sophisticated Mississippian culture. The first Europeans to encounter the Native Americans were Spanish explorers in the mid-16th century. At that time the historical Creek tribe inhabited the area, and they maintained their territory until after European American settlers arrived in increasing number in the early decades of the 19th century. The ensuing conflicts ultimately resulted in the Creek people's being driven out of the region. In the 1830s under Indian removal, the federal government forced most Creek to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. Under the European Americans, Stewart County was created by an act〔Ga. Laws 1830, p 49〕 of the Georgia General Assembly on December 23, 1830, from land that had been part of Randolph County, Georgia.〔( GeorgiaInfo - Carl Vinson Institute of Government History of the Stewart County Courthouse )〕 The county is named for Daniel Stewart, a Revolutionary War veteran, fighter against American Indians, and the great-grandfather of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt.〔(Matthew M. Moye, "Stewart County" ), ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'', 2 January 2008, accessed 7 January 2010〕 Settlers developed the area as large cotton plantations, part of the "Black Belt" of Georgia and the Deep South. Before the American Civil War, planters depended on enslaved labor of thousands of African Americans to cultivate and process the cotton for market. They were transported in the slave trade from Africa and the Upper South. In 1850, the county reached its peak in wealth as one of the largest cotton producers in the state. It had the tenth largest population of any county,〔("Stewart County" ), ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'', accessed 7 January 2010〕 with 16,027 people,〔(Matthew M. Moye, "Stewart County" ), ''Georgia Info'', 2 January 2008, accessed 7 January 2009〕 of whom 7,373 were enslaved.〔(Georgia: County Level Breakdown, 1850 Census ), University of Virginia Library Census Browser, accessed 7 January 2009〕 By 1860, the population had declined to 13,422. Kinchafoonee (later Webster County) and Quitman County counties had been created from Stewart County territory in 1853 and 1858, respectively.〔 There were 5,534 slaves in the redefined Stewart County.〔(Georgia: County Level Breakdown, 1860 Census ), University of Virginia Library Census Browser, accessed 7 January 2009〕 After the war and emancipation, cotton continued as a major commodity crop. Many freedmen became sharecroppers and tenant farmers in the area, which was agricultural for decades, but in decline. Stewart County lost its premier position when it was bypassed by developing railroads, which went north and south. It did not have railroad access until 1885.〔 Inappropriate farming practices and over-cultivation of cotton from before the Civil War led to extensive land erosion by the early 20th century, with accompanying population losses. Up to the mid century, many blacks left the area in two waves of the Great Migration, seeking jobs and better lives in northern and midwestern industrial cities. Farmers shifted to cultivating peanuts and later pine trees to reclaim and restore the land. Population losses continued throughout the 20th century, as the forest and lumber industry did not require as many laborers.〔 In 1965, some of the towns in the county began to redevelop historic properties to attract tourists and expand the economy. Lumpkin, Omaha and Louvale all had relatively intact historic properties and commercial districts. Green Grove is an historic African-American community established after the Civil War. Stewart was the first rural county in the state to use historic preservation and Main Street redevelopment to support heritage tourism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stewart County, Georgia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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